[Linux] 리눅스 명령어 정리(시스템 정보 확인)

 

실행 환경: CentOS8

 

1. 커널 정보 확인하기

[hans@hans ~]$ uname -a
Linux hans 4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 1 16:14:33 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

 

 

2. 커널 디버그 메시지

[hans@hans ~]$ dmesg | grep -i kernel | more
[ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/cl-root ro crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/cl-swap rd.lvm .lv=cl/root rd.lvm.lv=cl/swap rhgb quiet
[ 0.000000] kexec: Reserving the low 1M of memory for crashkernel
[ 0.000000] Using crashkernel=auto, the size chosen is a best effort estimation.
[ 0.000000] Reserving 192MB of memory at 2864MB for crashkernel (System RAM: 4095MB)
[ 0.000000] Booting paravirtualized kernel on VMware hypervisor
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=(hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/cl-root ro crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/cl-swap rd.lvm.lv=cl/root rd.lvm.lv=cl/swap rhgb quiet
[ 0.000000] Memory: 2914684K/4193716K available (12293K kernel code, 2225K rwdata, 7708K rodata, 2480K init, 14048K bss, 455400K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.125000] DMA: preallocated 512 KiB GFP_KERNEL pool for atomic allocations
[ 0.125000] DMA: preallocated 512 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA pool for atomic allocations
[ 0.125000] DMA: preallocated 512 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA32 pool for atomic allocations
[ 2.745086] Loaded X.509 cert 'CentOS kernel signing key: e791af5efe51a0987c687fa8cdbff669c9c75f2d'
[ 2.783193] Freeing unused kernel memory: 2480K
[ 2.784349] Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 22528k
[ 2.784688] Freeing unused kernel memory: 2012K
[ 2.784888] Freeing unused kernel memory: 484K
[ 3.045250] systemd[1]: Starting Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel...
[ 6.205254] [TTM] Zone kernel: Available graphics memory: 1899490 KiB

 

 

3. cpu 정보 확인하기

[hans@hans ~]$ dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
        Version: 6.00
        Release Date: 02/27/2020
        Address: 0xEA480
        Runtime Size: 88960 bytes
        ROM Size: 64 kB
        Characteristics:
                ISA is supported
                PCI is supported
                PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
                PNP is supported
                APM is supported
                BIOS is upgradeable
                BIOS shadowing is allowed
                ESCD support is available
                Boot from CD is supported
                Selectable boot is supported
                EDD is supported
                Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
                8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
                Serial services are supported (int 14h)
                Printer services are supported (int 17h)
                CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
                ACPI is supported
                Smart battery is supported
                BIOS boot specification is supported
                Function key-initiated network boot is supported
                Targeted content distribution is supported
        BIOS Revision: 4.6
        Firmware Revision: 0.0

[hans@hans ~]$ dmidecode -t processor

[hans@hans ~]$ dmidecode -t system
# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
        Manufacturer: VMware, Inc.
        Product Name: VMware Virtual Platform
        Version: None
        Serial Number: VMware-56 4d df bf f3 44 90 f8-ea d4 12 5f e4 b4 c2 50
        UUID: bfdf4d56-44f3-f890-ead4-125fe4b4c250
        Wake-up Type: Power Switch
        SKU Number: Not Specified
        Family: Not Specified

Handle 0x01A1, DMI type 15, 29 bytes
System Event Log
        Area Length: 16 bytes
        Header Start Offset: 0x0000
        Header Length: 16 bytes
        Data Start Offset: 0x0010
        Access Method: General-purpose non-volatile data functions
        Access Address: 0x0000
        Status: Invalid, Full
        Change Token: 0x00000036
        Header Format: Type 1
        Supported Log Type Descriptors: 3
        Descriptor 1: POST error
        Data Format 1: POST results bitmap
        Descriptor 2: Single-bit ECC memory error
        Data Format 2: Multiple-event
        Descriptor 3: Multi-bit ECC memory error
        Data Format 3: Multiple-event

Handle 0x0265, DMI type 23, 13 bytes
System Reset
        Status: Enabled
        Watchdog Timer: Present
        Boot Option: Do Not Reboot
        Boot Option On Limit: Do Not Reboot
        Reset Count: Unknown
        Reset Limit: Unknown
        Timer Interval: Unknown
        Timeout: Unknown

Handle 0x0268, DMI type 32, 20 bytes
System Boot Information
        Status: No errors detected

[hans@hans ~]$ lscpu
Architecture:        x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):      32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:          Little Endian
CPU(s):              1
On-line CPU(s) list: 0
Thread(s) per core:  1
Core(s) per socket:  1
Socket(s):           1
NUMA node(s):        1
Vendor ID:           GenuineIntel
CPU family:          6
Model:               165
Model name:          Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-10750H CPU @ 2.60GHz
Stepping:            2
CPU MHz:             2592.011
BogoMIPS:            5184.02
Hypervisor vendor:   VMware
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache:           32K
L1i cache:           32K
L2 cache:            256K
L3 cache:            12288K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):   0
Flags:               fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xsaves arat flush_l1d arch_capabilities

 

 

4. memory 정보 확인하기

[hans@hans ~]$ sudo dmidecode -t memory | grep -i size
        Maximum Memory Module Size: 32768 MB
        Maximum Total Memory Size: 491520 MB
        Installed Size: 4096 MB (Single-bank Connection)
        Enabled Size: 4096 MB (Single-bank Connection)

 

 

5. Disk 정보 확인하기

[hans@hans ~]$ df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs             1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                1.9G   18M  1.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root   17G  5.1G   12G  30% /
/dev/sda1           1014M  315M  700M  32% /boot
tmpfs                371M  4.6M  367M   2% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0             9.3G  9.3G     0 100% /run/media/hans/CentOS-8-4-2105-x86_64-dvd

[hans@hans ~]$ smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.1 2020-04-05 r5049 [x86_64-linux-4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

Smartctl open device: /dev/sda failed: Permission denied
[hans@hans ~]$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.1 2020-04-05 r5049 [x86_64-linux-4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               VMware,
Product:              VMware Virtual S
Revision:             1.0
User Capacity:        21,474,836,480 bytes [21.4 GB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Rotation Rate:        Solid State Device
Device type:          disk
Local Time is:        Sun Feb 20 11:23:01 2022 KST
SMART support is:     Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability.

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
Current Drive Temperature:     0 C
Drive Trip Temperature:        0 C

Error Counter logging not supported

Device does not support Self Test logging

 

 

6. 네트워크 정보 확인하기

[hans@hans ~]$ lspci | grep -i ether
02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)

 

 

7. 프로세스 정보 확인하기

[hans@hans ~]$ top -b -n 1
top - 11:23:52 up  1:09,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.07
Tasks: 228 total,   1 running, 227 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  5.9 sy,  0.0 ni, 88.2 id,  0.0 wa,  5.9 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
MiB Mem :   3709.9 total,    476.9 free,   1390.7 used,   1842.3 buff/cache
MiB Swap:   2048.0 total,   2041.7 free,      6.3 used.   2015.4 avail Mem

    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
 104995 hans      20   0   65424   4848   4016 R   6.2   0.1   0:00.02 top
      1 root      20   0  177016  15644   9144 S   0.0   0.4   0:05.40 systemd
      2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd